Equation of a Tangent Line
How to find the equation of the tangent line to y = f(x) at a point: formula, 2 examples, and their solutions.
Formula
The equation of the tangent line to y = f(x)
at (a, f(a)) is
y = f'(a)(x - a) + f(a).
Recall that
the slope of the tangent line to y = f(x) at x = a is f'(a).
And the tangent point on y = f(x) at x = a is (a, f(a)).
Then the linear equation of the tangent line
in point-slope form is
y = f'(a)(x - a) + f(a).
Example
Find f(1)
by putting x = 1 into f(x).
Then f(1) = 4.
So the tangent point is (1, 4).
To find f'(1),
find f'(x).
f(x) = x3 - 4x2 + 7
Then f'(x) = 3x2 - 8x.
Derivative of a Polynomial
Put x = 1 into f'(x).
Then f'(1) = -5.
This is the slope of the tangent line.
The tangent point is (1, 4).
And the slope of the tangent line is f'(1) = -5.
Then the linear equation of the tangent line
in point-slope form is
y = -5(x - 1) + 4.
Change y = -5(x - 1) + 4 to slope-intercept form.
Then y = -5x + 9.
So
y = -5x + 9
is the tangent line.
Example
Find f(0)
by putting x = 0 into f(x).
Then f(0) = 1.
So the tangent point is (0, 1).
To find f'(0),
find f'(x).
f(x) = ex
Then f'(x) = ex.
Derivative of ex
Put x = 0 into f'(x).
Then f'(0) = 1.
This is the slope of the tangent line.
The tangent point is (0, 1).
And the slope of the tangent line is f'(0) = 1.
Then the linear equation of the tangent line
in point-slope form is
y = 1(x - 0) + 1.
y = 1(x - 0) + 1 is
y = x + 1.
So
y = x + 1
is the tangent line.